The Effects Of Eating Disorders On Women And Young Girls

Eating disorders appear to be something that is more common in this country and ignored. Media portrays people do be a certain body frame and it is talked about who has the right body shape and who does not. This makes it extremely difficult for people, especially women. Media and other people put a huge pressure on women and young girls to have a certain body image and shape to be â€Å"beautiful† or more attractive especially to the other gender. This can be a lot of the times when eating disorders come into play. From the video on the dancers, they talked a lot about how it was ideal to be extremely skinny. A woman was so skinny that her bones were popping out and other dancers were jealous and envious that she had that body and they did not. Others want to know how she got to be that way when it was truly unhealthy. One thing that people and society needs to pay attention to is these stigmas and pressures them put on other people. People can go to great lengths and put the mselves at risk to live up to this unrealistic idea. It is important for psychologists to understand this aspect of the culture and the impact it has on eating disorders. It can be culture, media and a great deal of other things that can go into eating disorders. Stereotypically Asian cultures find a certain body type to be more appealing. This body type is more man like; meaning extremely skinny with no curves or fat. This body type is taught to the younger generations and many can be told they are lessShow MoreRelatedThe Influence Of Media Reporting On Society s Perception Of Beauty1730 Words   |  7 Pagesthat over the last decade the media has created an image that is unrealistic and unattainable for teenage girls. As such, based upon a macro perspective, the societal roles, status and expectations of young women have been impacted negatively. This paper will analyze how the combination of media reporting, socioeconomics and sociocultural factors contribute to the development of eating disorders as well as how society s perception of beauty has been distorted. This paper will further support the notionRead MoreThe Between Media And Body Image1348 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscrimination, and condemnation. The thin ideal has been constructed by the society and by the media. But women are affected that kind of construction. Mass media give narrow definition about the standard of beauty. Delis noticed this massage everywhere, especially in the media, â€Å"I am so affected by Glamour magazine and Vogue and all that; I’m looking at all these beautiful women. They’re thin. I want to be just as beautiful. I want to be just as thin. Because that is what guys like† (Hesse-BiberRead MoreSocial Norms Of A Female s Beauty And Body Image1234 Words   |  5 Pageseat the damn red velvet cupcake.† – Emma Stone. The world is rapidly changing in the world of women. Even over the last decade, the role and social norms of a female has changed substantially. With that said, societies standards of a women s beauty and body image has a direct effect on teenage girls, leading many to develop eating disorders such as anorexia. There are two main types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both of these types are characterized as a major concernRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Eating Disorders1324 Words   |  6 Pagesto see a size 00 girl advertising a new diet and starts to feel insecure, or goes to every length on earth to lose weight, but what women don t realize is that those are all influences leading to eating disorders. Women are strongly affected by eating disorders in North America. Many societal, cultural and physiological aspects contribute to the impact that eating disorders have upon women. Psychological aspect of eating disorder The psychological effect of eating disorders is one of, if notRead MoreWhy Is Unhealthy Perceived As Sexy?1503 Words   |  7 PagesWhy is Unhealthy perceived as sexy? A young teenager sits in her bed watching angels glide across the runway at the Victoria’s Secret Fashion show. These beautiful, skinny, perfect girls dance around the screen as they smile and show off their bodies. The young girl looks at her own body, feeling dread and hatred. She wants to look like the girls on the screen, and she actually believes it is possible. She has been working so hard to get a body that she believes is perfect, and she believes nothingRead MoreSocial Media has Unhealthy Effect on Young Women647 Words   |  3 Pagessort of media. (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders1) Although men are affected by the downfall of media usage, young women bear the cross. Not only do women have to face the expectations of perfection, but also the discrimination from themselves and others. Media usage has become an everyday part of life; however, it has an unhealthy effect on young women. Media’s example of perfection has been drilled into the minds’ of youth. More than half of young girls in America are dissatisfied with theirRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa And Its Effects On Society1514 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom Anorexia. Anorexia Nervosa is an eating disorder in which people suffering drastically restrict food intake due to an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image. There has been an unfortunate increase in people suffering from Anorexia Nervosa over the past several decades. Anorexia can be caused by a combination of social, interpersonal, and psychological factors that must be resolved through treatment. Anorexia is an extremely dangerous disorder that results in death for many peopleRead MoreEssay on Health of the Female Population Endangered by Media1008 Words   |  5 Pagesrole in the lives of everyday women and the way that they think about themselves and how they should look. This portrayal of unattainable beauty has effect wom en and young adolescent girls the most. The number one wish for girls ages 11 to 17 is to be thinner, and girls as young as five have expressed fears of getting fat (Tiggemann, 1996). The medias usage of ultra thin and beautiful models are leading to eating disorders and depression and other mental disorders in women. Robin Gerber who is a motivationalRead More The Media Causes Eating Disorders Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages According to the National Eating Disorder Association the media has a major influence on what a woman’s body should look like. Every print and television advertisement suggests that the ideal body is extremely thin. However, most women cannot achieve having a super-thin body that the media favors. The resulting failure leads to negative feelings about one’s self and can begin a downward spiral toward an eating disorder (National Eating Disorders Association). A particularlyRead More The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders Essay example1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medias Influence on Eating Disorders The National Eating Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural definitions of beauty and attractiveness and are often acknowledged as one of the factors that contribute to the rise of eating disorders (NEDA). The National Eating Disorders Associations website, The Effect of the Media on Body Satisfaction

The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency Free Essays

Examine the benefits and costs of two or more countries sharing a common currency, and comment on the impact of the ‘one size fits all’ monetary policy of the Eurozone. Normally, the accumulation of a set of countries accepting a specific common currency is known as a monetary union. This involves the countries becoming part of the same trading bloc and accepting free trade policies between the member countries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency or any similar topic only for you Order Now Since the focus of the question is centrally revolved around the monetary union, the other aspects of the union will not be considered in detail. Naturally, the prime example to use when discussing the use of a common currency is the European Monetary Union. Launched on January 1st 1999, the union boasts a 16 country agreement to use the same currency- the euro. For countries to merge by a single currency requires the merging countries to meet certain criteria. This obviously brings both benefits and costs to the table. Benefits are associated with higher stability of the union as only those countries that meet the minimum requirements can join. This allows the union to ensure that the countries that join add something to the union and add value to the currency. For example, conditions in the European Monetary Union state entrant countries must have interest rates within 2% of the 3 lowest interest rate countries in the EMU and also have inflation within 1. 5%. This is important because if we take a scenario where the inflation rate is excessively high in a country, then this will affect the value of the currency by devaluing it. This devaluation has clear knock on effects as the devaluation will cause the cost of imports to rise. Domestic consumers will also shy away from domestic consumption as they see the high prices and so they will shift their consumption on consumer durables from other countries. Exports would be heavily affected by this scenario as the foreign countries would see the high prices associated with the importing of the goods and shift their interest into consumption from countries with lower relative price levels. Not only does the high inflation associated with the currency affect consumption but also investment. The unstable level of inflation will deter foreign direct investment and also reduce the net domestic investment as the returns to the investment would have a high risk associated. So obviously having specific criteria that member countries must meet help to ensure stability in the union. The negative associated with having these criteria is the one size fits all policy which will be discussed later. There are many costs and benefits associated with having the same currency. There is a key advantage to consumers and residents in the country of having the same currency. The transaction costs associated with exchanging the currencies is eliminated. This means that if domestic consumers were to travel abroad to countries within the monetary union, the identical currency would enable them to spend abroad without the need to swap currencies. This advantage is more of a social benefit as this would reduce stress to the consumer. This is because the consumer would not be worrying about if their money would arrive on time. Also the excess commission associated with changing the currencies is eliminated. Although again this commission only represents a small amount of GDP the advantage is again a social benefit as the consumer escapes the hassle associated with the exchange of the currency- often quite a stressful factor when planning to travel. There is also a benefit associated with price transparency where if the same good is sold in many of the countries in the monetary union, then it is easy for the consumer to compare prices. This should reduce price discrimination and increase competition. This is a healthy scenario for the consumer as they would benefit from price competition- often the price of the good or service falls. Despite this potential benefit there is evidence that this is not the case and that price differentiation exists- an example being price differences within member countries in the EU. The same currency and stability associated with the monetary union encourages transnational companies to invest. This is because there would multiple countries across the zone to invest in and get returns from as they all follow the same currency and would all be under the same central control. This may help the multi-national countries achieve greater economies of scale as there would be easier trading and investment capabilities across the zone. This would lower average costs for firms and increase the relative GDP in the zone. This would increase economic growth. Therefore having the same currency enables economic growth in a country through increased business confidence as there is increased stability. The drawbacks of using the same currency are also quite evident. The main and key drawback is the ‘one size fits all’ policy. Here the monetary policy is controlled by the central bank. Countries have no ability to set the interest rates in the country. This can be disastrous in a country with low consumption or investment levels. This is because if the central bank placed high interest rates on countries within the union, consumption would be further detracted, leading to a drop in economic growth. Therefore the loss of individual control is a major factor that needs to be considered before becoming part of the same currency. There can also be a case where the central bank will set interest rates that accommodate the larger, higher productive countries in the union. This will mean the smaller countries will grow at a slower rate and potentially lead to greater inequality. The one size fits all policy may mean that the union becomes less flexible and therefore the policies can place constraints on economic growth for countries. This can cause inefficiency as the production will not be at optimum potential and will limit countries. Another huge drawback is the effective exchange rate differences would be eliminated. For example, during the economic boom of the early 2000’s, England had a very strong exchange rate compared to the other European countries. This enabled cheap imports for the country, increasing domestic consumer welfare. By switching to the euro, the imports would not have been cheaper and would have left consumers with a drop in welfare as they would not have been gaining through a stronger exchange rate. Overall the costs of switching to the same currency have its drawbacks outweighing its benefits. This is especially the case for the one size fits all policy as this is the policy that loses the country its individuality and means the country loses control of its monetary policy. How to cite The Benefits and Costs of Two or More Countries Sharing a Common Currency, Papers

Tennis and Badminton free essay sample

While most people are only interested in playing the game, to truly gain an appreciation for the game, you also need to learn badminton history. This will allow you to understand all of the details about the game, so that you will begin to love it even more. Badminton history shows the long history of this sport and it can give you a new hobby that you will love and enjoy for a long time to come. Badminton history began long, long ago in Egypt and Ancient Greece. It was actually derived from two different child’s games that were played during these times, battledore and shuttlecock. During the 19th  century, badminton was played in India under the name, â€Å"Poona† and British Army Officers brought the game to England. The game was played at a party in 1873 at the Duke of Beaufort’s country estate in Badminton. The game began to be called badminton after this point. From this point, badminton spread all around the world, including to the United States, China, Canada, New Zealand, and more. The game evolved from the rules that it was played by in India to what you now play and enjoy. Men solely played the game at first, but over the years, women began to join the badminton craze and enjoy the game as well. Championships and tournaments have grown from this start to help make badminton a very popular game that is competitive and enjoyable. Several international competitions are played with all different levels of competition, including the Olympic level. Badminton was added as a Summer Olympics sport in 1992, with the first competitive Olympic matches being held in Barcelona. This helped to bring even more attention and popularity to the sport on every level, from junior to Olympic levels. Badminton history is long and varied, but this helps to give it the great popularity that it has today. With its early roots in a child’s game, you can see how it can still be fun for both children and adults. By learning more about badminton history, you can increase your love for the game and help to pass this love on to others. Whether you are playing badminton as a hobby or want to make it your career, by learning badminton history, you can increase your appreciation and enjoyment of the game. Essentially a racquet sport, the game of badminton involves two opposing players (in a singles game or two pairs of players (in a doubles game) hitting a  shuttlecock  with their respective  racquets  in a pre defined playing arena referred to as a court, which is divided into two halves by a net in between. Points are scored when the  shuttlecock  hits the ground, and that is when an ongoing rally between the players comes to an end. To explain, the idea is to keep hitting the  shuttlecock  back and forth, with each player on either side being allowed to hit the  shuttlecock  only once. It is the endeavor of the players to ensure that the  shuttlecock  does not strike the net while they are hitting it towards their opponent. The game is largely an indoor sport, primarily because the flight of theshuttlecock  is largely affected by wind. Therefore all  professional badminton, including in the Olympics where it debuted in 1992, is played indoors. Amateur badminton players, especially those who play it just to keep themselves fit, or as a recreation, may nonetheless choose to play it outdoors. The game traces its  history  to the English game of battledore andshuttlecock  which was improvised by English officers stationed in then British India. The extent to which the game was played there, led to the game being called as Poona, after a garrison town in India where the game was very popularly played. Finally, when those same officers left India to go back to England, they took the game with them. Eventually, the game got its name as we know it today, from the Badminton House in Gloucestershire where the Duke of Beaufort organized a tournament of sorts for the game. Thereon, the game itself started to be referred to as ‘ The Game of Badminton’. The game is governed by the Badminton World Federation which was first established in 1934 as The International Badminton Federation (IBF). Countries dominating the sport in terms of excellence, largely include the South East Asian nations such as Indonesia and Malaysia. In Europe, Denmark has produced some great stalwarts of the game. Other countries which have also excelled in the sport include India, China, and South Korea. Each game is played up to  a score of 21 points; whichever side gets to that score wins the game. A single match would comprise of three such games. The playing arena is a 44 feet (length) by 17 feet (width) rectangular court. In a doubles game, the width is increased to 20 feet. A net, 5 feet 1 inches in height at the edges and exactly 5 feet at the center, separates the two sides of the court. The basic equipment for playing badminton include racquets, which are light weight, usually made of diverse carbon fiber composites. The area of the racquet used to hit the shuttlecock comprises of numerous thick strings intermeshing through the center. The shuttlecock comprises of a cork base with sixteen overlapping feathers in a conical shape; often the feathers are replaced by a plastic skirting. Strokes that you use to hit the shuttlecock include both backhand and forehand. These two strokes alone could have hundreds of different styles in which you play them. Finally, it all boils down to immense amount of practice that you require to master the game, along with a lot of agility and superb all round fitness and stamina. So, get going and start  playing badminton  today! No matter how old you are, badminton can offer your health great benefits to allow you to live your life more fully and with greater joy. What are some of the health benefits that you can get from badminton? Lowering your blood pressure. By lowering your blood pressure, you can also decrease your incidence of heart attack and stroke. High blood pressure has effects upon every part of the body and every organ, which is why you want to do everything possible to keep your blood pressure in normal limits. Badminton can do this for you if you play it on a regular basis. Lowering your weight. Getting regular exercise through playing badminton can allow you to keep your weight in a normal range or to lose weight. By being able to do this by doing something that you enjoy, you will find that you will stick with it longer. Playing badminton benefits health and gives you a healthy body at a healthy weight. Lowering your risk of osteoporosis. Building bone mass is another great health benefit of badminton. This can help to keep you from breaking bones further down the road and can help you to stay strong for a very long time. This can be a big issue for elderly women and elderly men, so by playing badminton, you can increase your bone mass and decrease your chance of getting osteoporosis in the future. Playing badminton benefits health all over the body. From decreasing stress to relieving depression to helping you be more physically healthy, you will find that badminton played on a regular basis can help you to be that healthy person that you have always wanted to be, both physically and mentally. Regularly playing badminton benefits health for both young and old people to allow you to live your life fully. The History of Badminton To understand the History of Badminton, first you need to understand various games that were played long before Badminton. Let me bring you back to centuries ago where it all began | In the 5th century BC, the people in china then played a game called  ti jian zi. A direct translation from this word ti jian zi is kicking the shuttle. As the name suggest, the objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do with the History of Badminton is up for debate. It was however the first game that uses a Shuttle. About five centuries later, a game named  Battledore and Shuttlecockwas played in china, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the Battledore (a paddle) to hit the Shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it has become a popular game among children in England. In Europe this game was known as  jeu de volant  to them. In the 1860s, a game named  Poona  was played in India. This game is much like the Battledore and Shuttlecock but with an added net. The British army learned this game in India and took the equipments back to England during the 1870s. In 1873, the  Duke of Beaufort  held a lawn party in his country place, Badminton. A game of Poona was played on that day and became popular among the British societys elite. The new party sport became known as  the Badminton game. In 1877, the Bath Badminton Club was formed and developed the first official set of rules. The International Badminton Federation (IBF)  was formed in 1934 with 9 founding members. England Ireland Scotland Wales Denmark Holland Canada New Zealand France Since then, major international tournaments like the  Thomas Cup (Men)and  Uber Cup (Women)  were held. Badminton was officially granted Olympic status in the 1992 Barcelona Games. From 9 founding members, IBF now have over 150 member countries. The future of Badminton looks bright indeed. I believe you have a far better understanding on the  History of Badminton  now.Badminton From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the sport. For other uses, see  Badminton (disambiguation). Badminton| Danish badminton player  Peter Gade| Highest  governing body| Badminton World Federation| First played| 17th century| Characteristics| Contact| No| Team members| Single or doubles| Categorization| Racquet sport| Equipment| Shuttlecock| Olympic| 1992–present| Badminton  is a  racquet sport  played by either two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs (doubles), who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court that is divided by a net. Players score points by striking a  shuttlecock  with their racquet so that it passes over the net and lands in their opponents half of the court. Each side may only strike the shuttlecock once before it passes over the net. A rally ends once the shuttlecock has struck the floor, or if a fault has been called by either the umpire or service judge or, in their absence, the offending player, at any time during the rally. The shuttlecock (or shuttle) is a feathered (or plastic, mainly in uncompetitive games) projectile whose unique aerodynamic properties cause it to fly differently than the balls used in most racquet sports; in particular, the feathers create much higher  drag, causing the shuttlecock to decelerate more rapidly than a ball. Shuttlecocks have a much higher top speed, when compared to other racquet sports. Because shuttlecock flight is affected by wind, competitive badminton is played indoors. Badminton is also played outdoors as a casual recreational activity, often as a garden or beach game. Since 1992, badminton has been an  Olympic sport  with five  events: mens and womens singles, mens and womens doubles, and mixed doubles, in which each pair consists of a man and a woman. At high levels of play, especially in singles, the sport demands excellent fitness: players require aerobic stamina, agility, explosive strength, speed and precision.

Personality Theories Matrix

Theory Assumptions Reliability Validity Application Social Cognitive Theory- Bandura Plasticity which is recognized as one of the most important human characteristics allows people to choose various behavior patterns depending upon the situational context. People can control their lives through a triadic reciprocal causation model which consists of behavioral, environmental and personal components. People can influence the quality of their lives. The higher the individual’s self-efficacy is, the higher his/her chances for success are. Bandura’s social cognitive theory can be regarded as reliable. It is based on the two reliable components, including the accurate observation theoretical speculations. Bandura’s theoretical speculations are well-developed but not overdistanced from his empirical observations. Thus, placing his assumptions only one step in front of his observations, making his social cognitive theory reliable. Bandura’s social cognitive theory can be regarded as valid disregarding certain weak points of the self-efficacy part. Thus, Bandura claims that the choice of a behavioral pattern and the efforts made for achieving certain goals depend upon the individual’s belief in following success. Further research of particular components of this assumption could result in falsification of this part. Muammar Gadaffi is known as one of the longest-ruling leaders in the world with the 42 years of ruling the Lybian Arab Republic since the military coup on 1 September 1969. Ban dura’s social cognitive theory can be implemented for explaining certain episodes of this motivated and charismatic person as well as the preconditions for the heights which he achieved on his life path.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Personality Theories Matrix specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A triadic reciprocal causation model can be useful for explaining th e combination of Gadaffi’s personal and behavioral characteristics and the environmental context as the cluster of influential factors which allowed him not only to get the power, but also maintain it for 42 years and contribute to the development of the country. On the one hand, organizing the military coup and becoming its leader can be defined as a fortuitous event in his life. On the other hand, these were his personal traits of a leader and a strategist as well as his courage which allowed Muammar to get the power. Self-efficacy was another influential factor which allowed Gadaffi to make responsible decisions for his country. His success required strong faith in his own abilities and talents. Though becoming a leader of a country requires certain favorable situational context, Gadaffi believed in his power to rule the country and take the responsibility for the destinies of the whole nation. For instance, in 1981 Gadaffi invalidated the US passports for travel in Lybia because he was insulted by Reagan. It caused the American ban or the import of Lybian oil. This situation can be viewed through the lens of a triadic reciprocal causation model because it was not only situational context but also Gadaffi’s personal qualities that triggered the political decision of this charismatic leader. Reference Feist, G. (ed.). (2009) Theories of personality. New York: McGraw-Hill. This essay on Personality Theories Matrix was written and submitted by user Sincere Schmidt to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Dental Assisting Health Profession Essay Example

Dental Assisting Health Profession Essay Example Dental Assisting Health Profession Paper Dental Assisting Health Profession Paper I choose dental assisting because I have always wanted to work in a Health profession. I enjoy working with people and I like the â€Å"team atmosphere† approach of a dental office. Dental assisting is becoming an exciting career as dental laws are changing and the role of the assistant is increasing in regards to patient care. There are also many jobs available for dental assistants and also a wide variety of options. Dental assistants can choose to work in private practices, insurance companies, federal and state funded health programs, public health departments as well as teaching community colleges or universities. It is possible to become a dental assistant with no formal training. However most job duties would include in cleaning treatment rooms, setting up rooms for procedures and basic dental assisting. There are one year traing programs available for dental assistants. To enter these programs a high school diploma or GED is required. This is a full time program. Classes are usually from eight a. m. to five p. m. Monday thru Friday. In the last eight weeks of the program, students are assigned to work in local dental offices to gain additional experience. A minimal high school GPA of 2. 0 is required to enter the program at community colleges. Science courses are helpful but not required. Upon satisfactory completion of an accredited program, or having met the work experience requirements, and holding current cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification you are eligible to sit for the certification examination given by the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB). Examinations are given in several specialty areas like, chairside assisting, practice management and oral surgery assisting. If you are successful and pass the examination you may use the title Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) followed by your area of specialization. Certification carries with it the prestige of knowledge and the ability to apply it; however it is in no sense a degree, nor does it hold any legal status except in those states recognizing it under their dental practice acts. After completing the one year general dentistry program UNC-CH also offers additional six month training courses, if a dental assistant would like to specialize in an specific field such as, periodontics, prosthodontics, orthodontics, endodontics, pedidontics. A pedodontist specializes in the preventive in therapeutic care of children from birth through adolescence and also treats people with handicaps and special needs. A prosthodontist fits and designs bridge work and dentures to replace missing teeth. They also design substitutes for missing oral tissues. A orthodontist prescribes and fits appliances to straighten crooked or badly spaced teeth and to correct the bite and alignment of the jaws. . An Endodontist treats disease of the dental pulp, usually with root canal therapy. A periodontist which treats gum disease. A public health dentist works with communities as a public educator in the prevention and treatment of dental disease. Currently, there is a high demand for good dental assistants. As time goes on, the role of the dental assistant is changing. Almost every year it seems as if they have an increased role with patient care. For example in the past four years it has become legal for dental assistants to polish teeth. The range of duties varies from state to state. The following is a list of duties that are allowed by a certified dental assistant: making radiographic exposures, taking impressions for opposing study casts, retracting gingival prior to impression procedures, placing and removing periodontal and surgical dressings, removing sutures, applying topical anesthetics, assisting in the administration of nitrous oxide (laughing gas) or sedation, providing oral health insurance, applying anticariogentic agents topically, taking impressions for cast restorations, taking impressions for space maintainers, orthodontic appliances and Occlusal guards, placing and removing rubber dams, placing and removing sedative or temporary restorations and crowns, removing excess cement form coronal surfaces of teeth, preparing teeth for bonding by etching, applying pit and fissure sealants, applying cavity liners and bases and performing additional functions that may be delegated within specialties. Upon satisfactory completion of an accredited program, or having met the work experience requirements, and holding current cardiopulmonary resuscitation certification you are eligible to sit for the certification examination given by the Dental Assisting National Board (DANB). Examinations are given in several specialty areas like, chairside assisting, practice management and oral surgery assisting. If you are successful and pass the examination you may use the title Certified Dental Assistant (CDA) followed by your area of specialization. Certification carries with it the prestige of knowledge and the ability to apply it; however it is in no sense a degree, nor does it hold any legal status except in those states recognizing it under their dental practice acts. The salaries of dental assistants varies depending on job experience. You can have on the job training, however you cannot do expanded functions if you don’t go through a training program. On the job training starting salary is from 14,000 – 16,000 dollars annually. The expected salary in three to five years is 18,000 – 19,500 dollars annually. For certified dental assistants recent graduate would earn between 20,000 – 21,000 dollars annually. The expected salary in three to five years would be 23,000 – 25,000 dollars annually. Salaries also vary depending on what type o f dentist you work with. Specialist usually pay more. Especially Orthodontist and Endodontist. This is usually because they have a lower overhead and higher fees for services rendered. Most dentist offer a good benefit package in addition to salaries. The packages usually includes paid vacations, 401-K retirement, profit sharing, uniform allowance and sick days. Again this varies among dentist. As shown in previous paragraphs, dental assisting does provide a variety of options for this field of work. However, before choosing dental assisting as career, it would be helpful to observe in a local dental office to see if it is really something you want to do. Dentist and staff are more than helpful and encourage those interested to do so. Usually your personal dentist is willing to do this. Dental assisting instructors are very willing to meet with perspective students as well.

The Implied Powers of Congress

The Implied Powers of Congress In the United States federal government, the term â€Å"implied powers† applies to those powers exercised by Congress that are not expressly granted to it by the Constitution but are deemed to be â€Å"necessary and proper† in order to effectively execute those constitutionally granted powers. Key Takeaways: Implied Powers of Congress An implied power is a power that Congress exercises despite not being expressly granted it by Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution.Implied powers come from the Constitution’s â€Å"Elastic Clause,† which grants Congress power to pass any laws considered â€Å"necessary and proper† for effectively exercising its â€Å"enumerated† powers.Laws enacted under the implied powers doctrine and justified by the Elastic Clause are often controversial and hotly debated. How can the U.S. Congress pass laws that the U.S. Constitution does not specifically give it the power to pass? Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution grants Congress a very specific set of powers known as â€Å"expressed† or â€Å"enumerated† powers representing the basis of America’s system of federalism - the division and sharing of powers between the central government and the state governments. In a historic example of implied powers, when Congress created the First Bank of the United States in 1791, President George Washington asked Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton to defend the action over the objections of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and Attorney General Edmund Randolph. In a classic argument for implied powers, Hamilton explained that the sovereign duties of any government implied that that government reserved the right to use whatever powers necessary to carry out those duties. Hamilton further argued that the â€Å"general welfare† and the â€Å"necessary and proper† clauses of the Constitution gave the document the elasticity sought by its framers. Convinced by Hamilton argument, President Washington signed the banking bill into law. In 1816, Chief Justice John Marshall cited Hamilton’s 1791 argument for implied powers in the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland upholding a bill passed by Congress creating the Second Bank of the United States. Marshall argued that Congress had the right to establish the bank, as the Constitution grants to Congress certain implied powers beyond those explicitly stated. The ‘Elastic Clause’ However, Congress draws its often controversial implied power to pass apparently unspecified laws from Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, which grants Congress the power, â€Å"To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.† This so-called â€Å"Necessary and Proper Clause† or â€Å"Elastic Clause† grants Congress powers, while not specifically listed in the Constitution, are assumed to be necessary to implement the 27 powers named in Article I. bauhaus1000 / Getty Images A few examples of how Congress has exercised its wide-ranging implied powers granted by Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 include: Gun Control Laws: In clearly its most controversial use of implied powers, Congress has been passing laws limiting the sale and possession of firearms since 1927. While such laws may seem to be at odds with the Second Amendment ensuring the right to â€Å"keep and bear arms,† Congress has consistently cited its expressed power to regulate interstate commerce granted to it by Article I, Section 8, Clause 3, commonly called the â€Å"Commerce Clause,† as justification for passing gun control laws.Federal Minimum Wage: Another illustration of Congress’ use of its implied power can be seen in its rather loose interpretation of the same Commerce Clause to justify its passage of the first Federal Minimum Wage law in 1938.Income Tax: While Article I gives Congress the broad specific power to â€Å"lay and collect Taxes,† Congress cited its implied powers under the Elastic Clause in passing the Revenue Act of 1861 creating the nation’s first income tax law. The Military Draft: The always controversial, but still legally mandatory military draft law was enacted to implement Congress’ expressed Article I power to â€Å"provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States.† Getting Rid of the Penny: In almost every session of Congress, lawmakers consider a bill to do away with the penny, each of which costs taxpayers nearly 2-cents each to make. Should such a â€Å"penny killer† bill ever pass, Congress will have acted under its broader Article I power to â€Å"coin Money†¦Ã¢â‚¬  History of the Implied Powers The concept of implied powers in the Constitution is far from new. The Framers knew that the 27 expressed powers listed in Article I, Section 8 would never be adequate to anticipate all of the unforeseeable situations and issues Congress would need to address through the years. They reasoned that in its intended role as the most dominant and important part of the  government, the legislative branch would need the broadest possible lawmaking powers. As a result, the Framers built the â€Å"Necessary and Proper† clause into the Constitution as a safeguard to ensure Congress the lawmaking leeway it was certain to need. Since the determination of what is and is not â€Å"necessary and proper† is totally subjective, the implied powers of Congress have been controversial since the earliest days of the government. The first official acknowledgment of the existence and validity of the implied powers of Congress came in a landmark decision of the Supreme Court in 1819. McCulloch v. Maryland In the McCulloch v. Maryland case, the Supreme Court was asked to rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress establishing federally-regulated national banks. In the court’s majority opinion, revered Chief Justice John Marshall affirmed the doctrine of â€Å"implied powers† granting Congress powers not expressly listed in Article I of the Constitution, but â€Å"necessary and proper† to carry out those â€Å"enumerated† powers. Specifically, the court found that since the creation of banks was properly related to Congress’ expressly enumerated power to collect taxes, borrow money, and regulate interstate commerce, the bank in question was constitutional under the â€Å"Necessary and Proper Clause.† Or as John Marshall wrote, â€Å"let the ends be legitimate, let it be within the scope of the constitution, and all means which are appropriate, which are plainly adopted to that end, which are not prohibited, but consist with the letter and spirit of the constitution, are constitutional.† And Then, There is ‘Stealth Legislation’ If you find the implied powers of Congress interesting, you might also like to learn about so-called â€Å"rider bills,† a completely constitutional method often used by lawmakers to pass unpopular bills opposed by their fellow members.

The First Crusade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The First Crusade - Research Paper Example Indeed Pope Urban’s religious apparel often tends to shroud the true aspects of the First Crusade and the fact that Pope Urban himself was up to his own cause is often ignored. Indeed historians have interpreted the event of the First Crusade differently. The lack of any unique primary document on Pope Urban’s (II) motive for the crusade has laid the event open to interpretation. These interpretations revolve mainly around three points: a. the 11th century reform movement, b. the Seldjuk or Muslim threat to the Eastern Roman Orthodoxy, c. affirmation of Papacy on entire European Christendom. But an astute analysis of the event will reveal that all of these three causes had their, more or less, equal shares of influence on the First Crusade. Seldjuk’s Threat in the East as a Primary Cause of First Crusade Though there is a common tendency among the historians to underrate the Seljuk threat to the Eastern Christendom considering it as a secondary cause of the First Crusade and to view it as a mere excuse to move eastward, the Seljuk attack on the Byzantine Empire was no less important as a psychological motivation than other causes. In a concrete sense, it might be a mere excuse in Pope Urban’s political and religious scheme, but it was a demonic cause to usurp the commoners’ sacrificial emotion for the war in its essence. In fact, First Crusade was the product of the reincarnated commoners’ passion for a holy war against the infidel and the unfaithful that were commonly considered to be the Seldjuk during the late 11th century. The extremity of medieval religiosity to achieve ablution for sins, restored faith of the commoners in church, superiority of the Popes and the church’s victory of the Emperor- all together functioned to boost up the common people’s zeal to fight for the Holy Land and eastern Christendom against the invading Seldjuk. Even if Islam and Christianity coexist on the east bank of the Medi terranean Sea for more than three hundred years before the 1000s, as Thomas Asbridge’s claims, the increasing Seldjuk attacks on the Byzantine Empire, the defeat in Manzikert in 1077, the conquest of religiously important cities like Antioch and Nicaea, Turkish invasion and conquest of Anatolia, etc were severe blows on the 11th century Christendom that made the Western church reformers feel the pressure on the East and eventually provoked the superior papacy to successfully characterize the invaders as the infidel and unfaithful who must be challenged. In an article, Paul Crawford describes the crisis as following: â€Å"In 1071 the Turks met and crushed the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert, near Armenia. As a result the entire heartland of the Empire, in Asia Minor, lay open and defenseless† (Crawford 2). The atrocities of the Seldjuk are reflected in a â€Å"Letter of Alexius to Count Robert of Flanders†: The holy places they desecrate and destroy in numberless ways, and they threaten them with worse treatment†¦For almost the entire land from Jerusalem to Greece, and the whole of Greece with its upper regions†¦and now almost nothing remains except Constantinople. (Alexius) East-West Schism as one of the Causes of First Crusade Indeed for Pope Urban II there was no